Vitamin  A
(Carotene)

FAT

SOLUBLE

 RDI UNIT
/DAY

NOTE: GIVEN AS RETINOL ACTIVITY EQUIVALENTS (RAEs).
1 RAE = 1 μg RETINOL, 12 μg β-CAROTENE, 24 μg β-CAROTENE, 
OR 24 μg β-CRYPTOXANTHIN.
TO CALCULATE RAEs FROM REs OF PROVITAMIN A CAROTENOIDS
IN FOODS, DIVIDE THE REs BY 2.
FOR PREFORMED VITAMIN A IN FOODS OR SUPPLEMENTS
AND FOR PROVITAMIN A CAROTENOIDS IN SUPPLEMENTS,
1 RE = 1 RAE.
MALE - ADULT - 19 to 50 Years 900 μg
FEMALE - ADULT - 19 to 50 Years 700 μg
PREGNANCY - Trimester 1 - 18 and Under 750 μg
PREGNANCY - Trimester 1 - 19 and Over 770 μg
PREGNANCY - Trimester 2 - 18 and Under 750 μg
PREGNANCY - Trimester 2 - 19 and Over 770 μg
PREGNANCY - Trimester 3 - 18 and Under 800 μg
PREGNANCY - Trimester 3 -  19 and Over 800 μg
LACTATING - 18 and Under 1200 μg
LACTATING - 19 and Over 1300 μg
MALE - INFANTS - 0 to 6 Months 400 μg
FEMALE - INFANTS - 0 to 6 Months 400 μg
MALE - INFANTS - 7 to 12 Months 500 μg
FEMALE - INFANTS - 7 to 12 Months 500 μg
MALE - INFANTS - 1 to 3 Years 300 μg
FEMALE - INFANTS - 1 to 3 Years 300 μg
MALE - CHILDREN - 4 to 8 Years 400 μg
FEMALE - CHILDREN - 4 to 8 Years 400 μg
MALE - CHILDREN - 9 to 13 Years 600 μg
FEMALE - CHILDREN - 9 to 13 Years 600 μg
MALE - ADOLESCENTS - 14 - 18 Years 900 μg
FEMALE - ADOLESCENTS - 14 - 18 Years 700 μg
MALE - ELDERLY - Over 50 900 μg
FEMALE - ELDERLY - Over 50 700 μg

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FATS, OILS & SWEETS

MILK, YOGURT & CHEESE GROUP

MEAT, POULTRY, FISH, DRY BEANS, & NUTS GROUP

VEGETABLE GROUP

FRUIT GROUP

 

BREAD, CEREAL, RICE, & PASTA GROUP
Use sparingly 2-3 Servings 2-3 Servings 3-5 Servings 2-4 Servings 6-11 Servings
SOURCES
YELLOW FRUITS
ORANGE FRUITS
PEACHES
TOMATO
APRICOT, DRIED
CANTALOUPE
WATERMELON
YELLOW VEGETABLES
WINTER SQUASH
ORANGE VEGETABLES
CARROTS
SWEET POTATOES
SPINACH
KALE
COLLARDS
TURNIPS
FORTIFIED OATMEAL
LIVER
FORTIFIED MILK
CHEESE
EGG YOLK
BROCCOLI
FISH-LIVER OIL
COMMON MALLOW
FUNCTIONS
VISION
GROWTH
CELL DIFFERENTIATION
REPRODUCTION
IMMUNE FUNCTION
CATARACTS
CERVICAL DYSPLASIA
ASSISTS WITH PRODUCTION OF CHOLESTEROL IN THE LIVER
DACTYLITIS
DERMATITIS
FROSTBITE
IMMUNE DEFICIENCY
MIDDLE-EAR INFECTION
MYALGIA
PHOTODERMATITIS
RASHES
ROSEOLA
SPEAKING DISORDERS
VISION PROBLEMS
AT RISK
POVERTY CHILDREN
POVERTY PREGNANT WOMEN
LOWFAT DIETERS
LOW PROTEIN DIETERS

INDIVIDUALS WITH HIGH ALCOHOL INTAKE, PREEXISTING LIVER DISEASE, HYPERLIPIDEMIA OR SEVERE PROTEIN MALNUTRITION MAY BE DISTINCTLY SUSCEPTIBLE TO THE ADVERSE EFFECTS OF EXCESS PREFORMED VITAMIN A INTAKE.

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ALSO KNOWN AS...
Vitamin A Acetate Retinyl Palmitate
Vitamin A Palmitate Provitamin A
Retinol Carotene
Retinal β-Carotene
Retinoic Acid Carotenoids

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DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS
NIGHT BLINDNESS
XEROPHTHALMIA
POOR GROWTH
DRY SKIN
SKIN RASHES
HEADACHE
NAUSEA

JAUNDICE
PERMANENT BLINDNESS
OSTEOMALACIA
ADULT RICKETS
WEAK MUSCLES
TOXICITY SYMPTOMS
HEADACHE
VOMITING
HAIR LOSS
LIVER DAMAGE
SKIN CHANGES
BIRTH DEFECTS
BONE PAIN

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Last Update: June 10, 2005